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Grammar Patterns — L1 → L8
Every sentence pattern from the course, with template, examples, and the trap to watch.
です — copula (4 forms)
| Slot | Form |
|---|---|
| Present + | です |
| Present − | じゃありません (じゃないです) |
| Past + | でした |
| Past − | じゃありませんでした |
Question: add か at the end.
ます — verb stamps (6 forms)
| Slot | Stamp | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Present + | ます | I do / will do |
| Present − | ません | I don't / won't |
| Past + | ました | I did |
| Past − | ませんでした | I didn't |
| Invitation | ませんか | Won't you ~? |
| Suggestion | ましょう | Let's ~! |
Stem stays. Stamp swaps.
い-adjective (own engine)
| Slot | Form (たかい) |
|---|---|
| + | たかいです |
| − | たかくないです |
| past + | たかかったです |
| past − | たかくなかったです |
いい → よくない / よかった (irregular).
な-adjective (uses です)
| Slot | Form (きれい) |
|---|---|
| + | きれいです |
| − | きれいじゃありません |
| past + | きれいでした |
| past − | きれいじゃありませんでした |
きれい・きらい・ゆうめい・しんせつ end in -i but are NA-adj.
Verb Lab
Pick a verb or type one. See group, stem, dictionary form, and all 6 ます-stamps. Verbs marked ⚠️ are traps (look like Group 2, are Group 1).
All verbs (L4–L7)
Particle Decision Guide
Pick the context. The right particle appears with examples and the trap pair it gets confused with.
I want to express…
Master particle map
The killer pairs
Anti-Patterns & Traps
Common mistakes — what NOT to write. Each one has the right version and the reason.
Hana's three checks 🌸
- Verb at end? Yes → continue. No → rebuild.
- Particle right? Check the Particle tab.
- Stamp matches tense? Present/past, positive/negative.
L8 extra pre-check: Is the adjective な or い? Once decided, the conjugation path is fixed. The two systems never mix.